Dị ka usoro nhazi nke ụdị ngwá ọrụ igwe si dị, a na-ekewa ngwaọrụ igwe n'ime ụdị 11: lathes, igwe na-egwupụta ihe, igwe na-agwụ ike, igwe na-egweri, igwe na-edozi gia, igwe na-eri eri, igwe igwe igwe, igwe na-egweri ihe, igwe na-agba ọkụ, igwe ịwa akwa na ndị ọzọ. igwe ngwaọrụ.N'ime ụdị igwe ọ bụla, a na-ekewa ya n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche dịka usoro nhazi, ụdị nhazi na arụmọrụ nhazi, na otu ọ bụla na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ usoro.Mana ntụ ntụ ọla edo mara akụkọ mmepe nke ngwaọrụ igwe ndị a?Taa, onye nchịkọta akụkọ ga-agwa gị gbasara akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-eme atụmatụ, ndị na-egweri, na ndị na-emepụta ihe.
1. Onye na-eme atụmatụ
N'ime usoro mmepụta ihe, ọtụtụ ihe na-ejikarị emekọ ọnụ ma na-ejikọta ya: iji rụpụta igwe ọkụ ọkụ, enyemaka nke igwe na-agwụ ike dị mkpa;mgbe mepụtara engine nke uzuoku, a na-akpọ gantry planer ọzọ na usoro nke usoro chọrọ.Enwere ike ịsị na ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta nke igwe uzuoku dugara n'ichepụta na mmepe nke "igwe na-arụ ọrụ" site na igwe na-agwụ ike na lathes na ndị na-ese ihe.N'ezie, onye na-anya ụgbọ elu bụ "ụgbọ elu" nke na-eme atụmatụ ígwè.
1. Gantry planer maka nhazi nnukwu ụgbọ elu (1839) N'ihi mkpa maka nhazi ụgbọ elu nke oche valve engine steam, ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara malitere ịmụ akụkụ a kemgbe mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, gụnyere Richard Robert, Richard Pula Special, James Fox na Joseph Clement, wdg, ha malitere na 1814 wee mepụta gantry planer n'onwe ya n'ime afọ 25.Nke a gantry planer bụ idozi ihe a na-edozi n'elu ikpo okwu na-emegharị ihe, onye na-eme ihe na-egbutukwa otu akụkụ nke ihe a na-edozi.Otú ọ dị, onye na-ese ihe a enweghị ngwaọrụ na-enye nri mma, ọ na-agakwa na-agbanwe site na "ngwaọrụ" gaa na "igwe".N’afọ 1839, otu nwoke onye Britain aha ya bụ Bodmer mesịrị jiri ngwá na-enye nri kpụpụta otu ụgbọ mmiri.
2. Onye na-eme atụmatụ maka nhazi ihu onye England ọzọ, Neismith, chepụtara ma mepụta ihe nhazi maka nhazi ihu n'ime afọ 40 site na 1831. Ọ nwere ike idozi ihe edoziri n'elu akwa akwa, ngwá ọrụ ahụ na-aga azụ na azụ.
Kemgbe ahụ, n'ihi nkwalite nke ngwá ọrụ na mpụta nke igwe eletriki eletrik, ndị na-emepụta gantry na-emepụta na ntụziaka nke ịkpụ ọsọ ọsọ na nkenke dị elu n'otu aka ahụ, na n'akụkụ nke nnukwu mmepe n'aka nke ọzọ.
2. igwe ihe
Igwe ihe bụ usoro ochie nke ụmụ mmadụ mara kemgbe oge ochie.A na-eji usoro a na-egweri ngwá ọrụ nkume na Paleolithic Age.Mgbe e mesịrị, site n'iji arịa ígwè eme ihe, a kwalitere mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ egweri.Otú ọ dị, imepụta igwe egweri ihe n'ezie ka bụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya.Ọbụna na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ndị mmadụ ka na-eji nkume egweri eke eme ka ọ kpọtụrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ maka egweri.
1. Nke mbụ grinder (1864) Na 1864, United States mere ụwa mbụ grinder, nke bụ ngwaọrụ na-etinye egweri wheel na slide ngwá ọrụ njide nke lathe na-eme ka ọ na-akpaka nnyefe.Mgbe afọ 12 gachara, Brown na United States chepụtara igwe ihe igwe na-egweri nke dị nso na igwe igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ.
2. Artificial grindstone - ọmụmụ nke wiil egweri (1892) Ọchịchọ maka nkume nkume artificial na-ebilikwa.Kedu ka esi emepụta nkume na-egbuke egbuke nke na-eyi ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ karịa nkume anụ ahụ?Na 1892, American Acheson nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịnwapụta silicon carbide nke coke na ájá mere, nke bụ nkume egweri nke a na-akpọzi C abrasive;afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Abrasive na alumina dị ka isi akụrụngwa na-anwale-emepụta.Ihe ịga nke ọma, n'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-eji igwe egweri eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.
Mgbe e mesịrị, n'ihi mmụba ndị ọzọ nke bearings na okporo ụzọ nduzi, nkenke nke grinder bịara dị elu ma dị elu, ọ na-etolitekwa na ntụziaka nke ọkachamara.Ndị na-eme ihe n'ime ime, ndị na-egweri elu, ndị na-akpụgharị ihe, ndị na-eji ihe eji eme ihe, ndị na-ekpuchi ụwa, wdg pụtara.
3. Igwe na-egwupụta ihe
1. Igwe eji egwu egwu oge ochie - "ụta na azụ" nkà na ụzụ na-egwupụta ihe nwere ogologo oge.Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie achọpụtala ugbu a na ndị mmadụ chepụtara ihe eji atụ ọkpọ n’afọ 4000 BC.Ndị oge ochie na-etinye osisi n'elu osisi abụọ kwụ ọtọ, wee kpọgidere awl na-atụgharị n'ala site na osisi ahụ, wee jiri eriri ụta merụọ awl ahụ iji mee ka awl na-atụgharị, ka e wee nwee ike ịkụnye oghere n'ime osisi na nkume.N’oge na-adịghị anya, ndị mmadụ mekwara ngwa ịkụ ọkpọ a na-akpọ “roller wheel”, bụ́ nke jikwa eriri ụta na-agbanwe agbanwe mee ka awl na-atụgharị.
2. Igwe na-egwupụta ihe mbụ (Whitworth, 1862) dị gburugburu 1850, German Martignoni buru ụzọ mee mgbagha mgbagha maka igwu igwe;na Ngosipụta Mba Nile e mere na London, England na 1862, British Whitworth gosipụtara igwe mgbasa ozi nke igwe ihe nkedo nke nwere ike chụpụrụ, bụ nke ghọrọ ihe atụ nke igwe eji egwu egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Kemgbe ahụ, igwe dị iche iche na-egwupụta ihe na-apụta n'otu n'otu, gụnyere igwe na-egwupụta radial, igwe na-egwupụta ihe nwere usoro nri na-akpaghị aka, na igwe na-egwupụta ọtụtụ axis nke nwere ike ịkụnye ọtụtụ oghere n'otu oge.N'ihi mmezi nke ihe ngwá ọrụ na ihe nkwụnye ọkụ, na ntinye nke igwe eletriki eletrik, a na-emepụta nnukwu igwe na-arụ ọrụ dị elu.
Oge nzipu: Jun-13-2022